Friday, 20 December 2019

Why ‘It’s a game, not a sport’ means Nothing


Whenever the Olympics come up, people complain that some events shouldn’t be included because they are games, not sports.

It’s called the ‘Olympic Games’, not the ‘Olympic Sports’.

Thus all the sports at the Olympic are also, by necessity, games. 

This means that the categories of ‘sports’ and ‘games’ are not mutually exclusive.

For this reason, calling something a ‘game’ cannot be used as evidence that the event isn’t a sport which makes the whole ‘it’s a game, not a sport’ devoid of meaning.

Friday, 6 December 2019

YOLO: Not if you’re Buddhist


We looked at contemporary Buddhism in the UK during my last year of uni. Some students asked why the Buddhists did what they did and why they lived how they lived. Others said these actions led to better reincarnations or even Enlightenment.  

One of the class comedians responded, “Yolo.” Then I piped up, “Not if you’re Buddhist.” Like Hindus, Pagans and other religions/denominations that believe in reincarnation, Buddhists live more than once which contradicts the ‘you only live once’ of yolo.

There is, of course, more to it than that. One of the central tenants of Buddhist is that there is no self: the idea of a ‘you’ and a ‘me’ are illusory. If there is no ‘you’, there can be no yolo. You can’t only live once if there is no you to begin with.

Without this, an individual cannot fully understand Buddhist teachings and thus cannot achieve Enlightenment. It is only once someone realises that they’re not an individual that they are enlightened.

Sure, this is a bit of semantic play with casual internet language but I’ve found it useful to introduce the no-self doctrine of Buddhism to others.

Besides, seeing as I’d never spoken in front of those students before, I was glad they took my joke at face value.

Friday, 29 November 2019

The Problem with ‘but not all men’ (the view of a man)


We all know this conversation by now: someone mentions that men commit sexual assault (or worse) and then someone else replies: “But not all men.”


Did anyone say ‘all men’? No. If someone meant ‘all men’ then they would have said ‘all men’. That’s why we have the world ‘all’ in our language. To make a general observation is not to make specific observations: by nature, a generalist claim allows for specific claims to coexist whilst acknowledging that there is a majority fact. Thus pointing out a specific cannot contradict the general.


There are plenty examples of this in daily life. People may dislike cats but they’ll gladly look after their friend’s cat. Most kids hate school but they have a favourite teacher/subject and enjoy the time they can spend with their friends. I can’t stand potato but potato waffles or a good, creamy mash are some of my favourite food.


Disliking potatoes is my general claim but liking mash/waffles are specific claims. Men are the main perpetrators of sexual assault (an undisputable fact) yet all can be glad that there are specific examples showing otherwise.


What baffles me most is that people feel the need to say, “Not all men” when someone else opens up about being raped. How is pointing out that you’re a good person more important than someone else opening up about a devastating event? Besides, these conversations aren’t accusations. If your first response to police is “It wasn’t me” when they made no accusation against you, they will then be suspicious. If someone feels safe enough to open up then respect them by not shutting them down. Emotional intelligence is the best way forward.

Friday, 22 November 2019

UK vs. USA: Restaurant Tips


The UK and USA have utterly different attitudes towards tipping restaurant staff.
It highlights the blatant divergences between the two nations even when people assume they are the same.


In the UK, servers are paid a wage they can live on. This means tips are a reward for good service rather than an obligation, showing the server how much they were appreciated (especially when a large tip is provided). A family might have enough money to treat their kids to a meal out but not enough to provide a tip. Even withholding a £2 tip can buy your children their fruit for the week so being free to not pay a tip can make a major difference.


However, in the USA, servers need tips to survive, making tips not just an expectation but an obligation. It causes issues when a tip’s not given, even when the service provided is poor.
So customers have to not only pay for the product but also the employees’ wages. I’m not the employer so it shouldn’t be my responsibility to pay the employees. This happens in no other industry. Whether you buy a shirt, go to the gym or have a window fitted, the price is for both service and pay package.
Why an employer wouldn’t pay their employees a decent wage is beyond me. If you give them enough money to live, they’ll be more willing to work for you which will promote more productivity.
Further, if your employees need a second job to survive, they’ll be less available and have less energy to work for you. This will make them more tired, less productive and more prone to mistakes. Plus you’ll have to put more people on your payroll to fill in the gaps. It would be cheaper to pay fewer people decently rather than more people improperly.


To be clear, I’m not against tipping: I’m against it being a necessity when it doesn’t need to be.

Friday, 15 November 2019

UK vs. USA: Handshake


Of all the thoughts and behaviours that difference the UK and the USA*, the most startling to me is the least consequential: the handshake.

In the UK, two people use one hand each to give one shake, that being pumping the hands down then up once. In the US, the free hand grasps the other person’s elbow and then they shake each other’s arms for a while.

So in the UK it’s a ‘one hand, one shake’ and in the USA it’s ‘arm shakes’.

When I go in for a handshake but end up having my elbow grabbed and arm jiggled, it takes me off-guard each time. Not only is your personal space occupied without invitation but you feel awkward because the contact is lasting longer than expected. If that’s the way the culture’s taken it then that’s fine but it’s always been a puzzling ritual to watch or participate in.


* It would be amiss for me to imply either nation is homogenous in thoughts or behaviours. Yet there is a sense of cultural unity (a desire for independence, like in Scotland and California, is less about a lack of similarities and more about a stark difference in priorities). The UK and USA are like two nuclear families that are cousins to one another and the differences within each family/nation are like the different children.

Friday, 25 October 2019

'Girl Group' vs. 'Boy Band'


There’s no doubt that the alliteration in both these phrases is pleasing. But, as with any phrase, different words bring with them different implications.

A band is a group of people that write, compose and sing their own songs as well as play their own instruments.
A group, on the other hand, is composed of performers that sing (and maybe dance) who receive lyrics and instruments ready-done.
There are plenty of bands with female members and plenty of groups with male members. Yet, colloquially, the male ensembles are ‘boy bands’ even if they just sing/dance and female ensembles are ‘girl groups’ even if they drive the creation of their own songs.

So, as a band does more, people often equate bands with being more talented than groups.
This strikes me as odd. In life, people often specialise in one thing during their career/hobbies, so whilst bands may express more skills, this can’t sensibly be used to detract from the talents of group/solo artists.
(The amount of times I’ve heard people criticised artists as ‘not real singers’ is bizarre, especially because their reason for this is ‘They don’t write their music or play instruments: they just sing.’ So, singers aren’t real singers because all they do is… sing? Just a side note.)

Fact One: people think bands are better than groups.
Fact Two: men are always ‘boy bands’ and women are always in ‘girl groups’.
So this unfortunate association means that male artists are subconsciously thought of as better than female artists.

Removing the label ‘boy’ and ‘girl’ for groups and bands would be one solution but perhaps targeting band/group talent level dichotomy would be more productive so that artists are judged on their talent, not their labels.


Friday, 11 October 2019

Critique: Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle




I’d been looking forward to this film since 2016 and I was not disappointed! Having a British cast is always appreciated, too. Sure, using ‘man’ instead of ‘human’ isn’t great, but that was the language used at that time. If you gloss over history, you risk people forgetting and then making those same mistakes.

***SPOILERS***


When Akela, the pack leader, accepts Mowgli into the pact, the audience assume it’s out of kindness, even if it was aimed at Nisha (Mowgli’s wolf mother) rather than the baby.
I did wonder if it was done to spite Shere Khan because Akela only agrees to Mowgli’s adoption after he sees it will annoy Khan. Later we learn the true reason: by growing up a wolf, Mowgli would be best placed to stop the ever-growing encroachment of man into the jungle.
Like a true leader, Akela thinks of how best to protect not only his own people but everyone in the wider community. He gives Mowgli a destiny that his constitution may not be suitable for and, in exchange, takes Mowgli’s autonomy away. This too is an action of a true leader, however unsavoury.

The elephants were phenomenal. The first thing the audience sees of the elephant is a trunk which, truth be told, I thought was a snake at first.
I absolutely adored that they had moss and grass growing on their backs. It looks like they’ve freshly emerged from the ground or like they support the jungle. This is reminiscent of an obscure Indian mythology in which four elephants (or eight or sixteen, depending on the telling) carry the world on their backs.
            The elephants don’t speak. Like the monkeys, they appear to prefer, or are limited to, making animal noises. The elephants understand Mowgli and the monkeys understand Shere Khan and Kaa so it’s not a language barrier. This makes the elephants seem old, serious and mysterious but makes the monkeys seem more wild and primitive.
            The main elephant has massive tusks. Yes this makes it impressive and imposing but medium-sized tusks are a rarity in Asian elephants, let alone large tusks.


Bagheera’s backstory was an unexpected heartache that made his behaviour towards Mowgli understandable (if not forgivable).
Bagheera looks like he regrets taking Mowgli from where he should be (the humans) and bringing him elsewhere (the jungle). Bagheera recounts how the humans let him out his cage once they trusted him and Bagheera advises Mowgli to do the same. Considering the panther’s recent behaviour, I thought it was just advice for Mowgli to get out his cage.
But then I remembered that the animals wanted Mowgli to create peace, and act as a bridge between both humans and animals: this could be achieved only when Mowgli was trusted by both village and jungle. Bagheera played the long game.


This adaptation from Rudyard Kipling’s works allowed characters to shine through. The animals were given more animalistic behaviours yet this didn’t take their personalities away. The balance was struck nicely.
Tabuqui is a striped hyena, a species whose laugh isn’t as long, loud or frequent as that of the spotted hyena (native to sub-Saharan Africa). Hearing him laugh all the time seemed out of place. Still, I can understand why they did this: the audience may not recognise Tabuqui as a hyena by looks alone so an audio cue could help.
Kaa was a real delight. Seeing Shere Khan recoil in mortal fear when Kaa approaches was something special which makes up for Khan being a bully to Kaa in other adaptations. Further, this matches the original works and nature better.
Shere Khan walks on three paws and his front right knuckles, those claws more akin to eagle talons. Walking on knuckles is something associated with cavemen (themselves stereotyped as grumpy and stupid) so instantly this makes Khan something to scorn whilst giving him a more bestial nature, a nature that’s still prominent in a movie of animal characters. Also, disability empowerment?
Of course, Baloo has to be mentioned. I’ve never disliked him but there are so many characters that take priority over him. Still, I loved how Baloo was given a London accent (wrongly) associated with poverty and stupidity when Baloo was entrusted with teaching the cubs. Knowledge resides in the brain, not in pronunciation.


Mowgli at the human village was hilarious. The hunter treating Mowgli with kindness and respect put him in my good books.
Watching Mowgli walk in shoes for the first time was exactly like seeing a dog walk in their booties for the first time, lifting each show in an unnatural manner before plonking them down at odd angles. That made my day. He was bemused by the music, dancing and speakerphone, looking down the latter to try and find where the music was. He had not only the curiosity of an active mind but the pure wonder of a baby.
Seeing a taxidermy Bhoot ended the dream at the human village. In killing Bhoot (Mowgli’s best friend), the hunter killed all good feelings I had towards him. He made it personal. Mowgli would be feeling guilty because (1) he hadn’t made up with Bhoot after their fight and (2) Bhoot might still be alive if he’d helped the wolves when they’d asked. The actor who played Mowgli did an amazing job of projecting this sadness and guilt.
The hunter spoke with an English accent yet he said albino like an American. Considering the actor is Welsh (and albino is pronounced the same all over Britain) it’s not even like it was a slip up. But the actor is based in America so picking up American pronunciations is perfectly natural.


Mowgli takes it upon himself to get rid of the hunter and the tiger, the top predators and dangers to both jungle and village communities.
            He asks the wolves for help but Akela says this will break the laws of the jungle. Earlier in the film, Baloo asks for the (explicitly) three laws of the jungle and none of them were applicable in this situation. The original laws of the jungle poem by Kipling said that a hunt should be based on the need of feeding and never on the pleasure of killing. This could extend to this situation but as this wasn’t in the film then it’s hardly applicable.
The elephants knew Mowgli wanted Shere Khan dead and agreed to help. They could have easily killed the tiger but they didn’t (presumably because they knew Mowgli wanted to be the one to kill him). The main elephant clearly has no problem with murder so there’s no moral objection. There was a tense moment when Khan looked sure to kill Mowgli so at least one of the elephants could have pulled the tiger away. Letting the tiger kill Mowgli is by no means helping Mowgli kill the tiger.
When Mowgli finally kills Khan, he takes a soothing tone to tell him, “Sleep now, Shere Khan. Be angry no more.” That was a beautiful moment. Earlier in the film, Bagheera states that the hunter should look into the eyes of their prey as it dies so their soul isn’t alone. Mowgli extended the same courtesy to Khan, despite everything. To do these things for someone he hated was truly exceptional.


When Mowgli first goes to see Kaa, the snake says Mowgli is "a man or a wolf, both or neither," playing into Mowgli's narrative of his competing identities. Then in ending narration, Kaa says Mowgli is "man and wolf, both and neither." That was a truly fantastic way to end the film.

Saturday, 28 September 2019

Critique: Blood of the Delphi (The Hermatia Cycle Book Two) (M. E. Vaughan) 2/2

***SPOILERS***

Neve

Fae brings Rufus and Joshua to the Neve where her family rule. The faeries aren’t happy to have humans in their midst, let alone a magi. (I have to note my amusement that ‘Neve’ is written like how Niamh is pronounced.)
The Neve soon tolerates Joshua because, as a Delphi, he shares with the faeries their (still living) ancestor Niamh. Why neither Joshua nor Fae thought to tell the faeries that Rufus was likewise Delphi confused me because it would have ensured his protection from the faeries that wanted him dead. He wouldn’t have had to work so hard to please everyone, either.
When Rufus was in the bath, he protested when he had company. Now, Rufus is by no means a prude and everyone who was there had seen him naked before. So this fuss was unnecessary, especially for half a page. This was my initial thought. But Rufus was so desperate to be left alone that he probably would use every lie he could think of to make people leave him be.
Seeing Rufus and Fae’s friendship grow strong is beautiful (an especially so considering their initial antagonism in ‘The Sons of Thestian’). They have moments of intimacy, like interlocking fingers and putting their faces on each other’s hair. That’s what a true friendship looks like. The best thing, though, is that Fae’s thaws out Rufus’ old personality the longer they’re together.
My favourite new character at the Neve is its changeling physician Boyd. He’s given a few funny lines (‘”I don’t want to be impaled… I won’t enjoy it.”’) When Rufus learns that Boyd is a changeling, Rufus is disappointed in Fae. Considering changeling business is to do with Niamh, not Fae, I’m confused why Rufus would feel like this. He’s not one to blame one person for another’s actions. It didn’t fit his character.
Boyd is another character on the LGBT+ spectrum. Rufus is bisexual, Princess Aurora is lesbian, Daniel is trans and Boyd is asexual. No, none of these terms is used in the books, but orientation is about thoughts, feelings and actions; in this book, we get definitive confirmation on the characters’ thoughts, feelings and actions. Rufus enjoys sex with men and women, Daniel is male but is biosex female and Boyd has no sexual inclination or interest. Sure, he’s happy to experiment, but his view is still a nope because nothing does it for him. It’s great to not only see asexual representation in a novel but also to show that asexual doesn’t mean ‘no sexual activity’.



Characters of Importance

Other characters warranted a mention but placing them elsewhere in this review detracts from their individual merits.
Joshua, the younger brother to Rufus and Jionat, is an interesting character. He has moments of wisdom and of childish innocence, almost like two separate characters. This is fine: he didn’t have stable upbringing for twelve years, he was without friends his own age and he never knew what danger was coming next. A typical characterisation wouldn’t be appropriate. Joshua is a kind soul either way. When one character tells Josh that ‘“kind men don’t win battles”’, Josh replied, ‘”That’s because kind men don’t start them.”’
Luca, Rufus’ cousin through his stepmother, is warned of a coming fight in a brief segment. I don’t endorse a character getting only one segment from their perspective (especially when that character isn’t in the rest of the novel at all). It seems a waste: if they’re important then surely they’d be used more? Yet maybe Luca plays an important part in Book Three so a quick visit from her might be used to keep her relevant to the reader’s mind.
The assassin tries to kill Rufus and even tells the magi off for making his job difficult. That line makes me chuckle every time. No, don’t try to save your life because I have a job to do. Aeron comes out with a few crackers, all of which resolve around his unique speech pattern (which I ordinarily hate). He tells Rufus that they’ve ‘”stabbed off on the wrong knife”’ and he says ‘sugar-powdered prick’ which is officially the best insult I’ve ever heard.

Punctuation

Now for the nitty-gritty!
            Near the end, Marcel and his sister Beatrice have a full page of dialogue in Reneian. But there is no translation. REALLY?! That’s not useful in the slightest. One of the other present characters should have just noted that the siblings had a long discussion in their mother tongue. Reneian looks like it could be based on French but I’m the reader so the author should have done the translation work at some point.
            The glossary included people’s titles, followed by their names and a short description. One on the list is ‘King’s Mother Reine.’ No. Her title would either be ‘Queen Dowager’ or ‘Queen Mother’. Having ‘king’s mother’ in the description would have been fine, however.
            As in Book One, common nouns are written as proper nouns (‘the Generals and Lieutenants’) and unnecessary commas are used to decorate the page (‘”the most painful part of my return, was that I grew up”’). A less offensive misuse of a comma comes in ‘so astonishingly like Jionat, that were it not for his bright blue eyes, to a faded memory, they might have been the same person’ whereby the first comma should be after ‘that’, not ‘Jionat’.
            A one-off mistake occurred when a paragraph for Rufus’ speech had the actions of another character tacked onto it. This character was in the very next paragraph, speaking. Their actions should have been in their own paragraph or, if need be, given its own paragraph, not tucked into Rufus’ paragraph.
           


Parallels and Foreshadows from Book One

Book Two answered many questions left over from Book One. A few were only minor details, sure, but I want my curiosity satisfied. The second book references things from the first book, showing the Hermatia Cycle to be well constructed and thought out.
            During ‘The Sons of Thestian’, Jionat remembers a book in which a subject gave his life for the king and Jionat said he’d do the same for Sverrin. Jionat did just that in allowing Sverrin’s resurrection. Jionat knew why he had to do it and all the consequences but we never saw much content from these vision. It’s undoubted that he knew Sverrin would be bad as a king yet this (and the upcoming war) is somehow worth it. I’m looking forward to seeing that reslved.
            Jionat had been doubtful about his decision, asking Rufus if he’d made a mistake coming back to the palace. Rufus at this point didn’t know Jionat’s true plan so Rufus told Jionat with confidence to trust himself. I know that if I were in Rufus’ position, I would have felt guilty knowing I could’ve stopped Jionat’s sacrifice if only I told him something else. Maybe this guilt is why Rufus has a dampened personality?
            In Book One, Rufus says, ‘”It’s sickening how little faith you have in me.”’ In Book Two, Rufus says, ‘”It’s sickening how much faith you have in me.”’ This creates a wonderful parallel but more than anything else it captures the struggles and doubts Rufus has gone through.



Conclusion

I’m looking forward to the third book in the Hermatia Cycle. The characters are compelling and funny, the plot isn’t a rehash and the structural integrity of each book and the series as a whole is impressive. Whilst I only realise foreshadowing in hindsight (which would make it beforeshadowing?), it’s fun to do the detective work.

My final mention relates to something close to my heart. One character casual mentions two different sets of gods which makes another wonder how anyone can accept the truth of two pantheons. The first character says it’s as easy as recognising the truth of two different kings. The implication is that one will be relevant to one person but that doesn’t mean the other can’t be equally relevant to another. This is a really useful analogy that would work wonders for interfaith dialogue. Any tool that can aid with tolerance and acceptance is good by my books.




Reviews: The Hermatia Cycle (M. E. Vaughan)

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 1/2

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 2/2

The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 1/2

Friday, 20 September 2019

Critique: Blood of the Delphi (The Hermatia Cycle Book Two) (M. E. Vaughan) 1/2


Book Two of the Hermatia Cycle follows the magi Rufus and his ward Joshua trying to escape entrapment and death. Meanwhile Zachery, another magi, is coping with the loss of Rufus (on a personal level) and of Jionat (on a political level). Whereas ‘The Sons of Thestian’ was more of an adventure, ‘Blood of the Delphi’ is more political (though both have a healthy amount of both). As in Book One, Book Two blesses the reader with beautiful phrases. I love, for example, ‘suffocate in snow’ because usually suffocating due to temperature is caused by heat, not the lack of it.

***SPOILERS***


Rufus

Rufus’ humour is top notch, just like in this first book. Yet his go-to mind set in this one is thinking that he makes everyone unsafe, even if he only fathoms his feelings once his life become sedentary in the Neve.
When he’s finding training difficult, he sobs that he just wants to read a book (something I can relate to) in probably the funniest pity scene I have ever read. There’s also a point where Rufus bashes the wall with his head and dismissing it as ‘”admiring the stonework with my face”’ which is a funny line but in an unfunny context.
            Rufus had a nickname for his closest friend Jionathan (Jionat) where the full name isn’t well known, let alone the nickname. Yet Joshua isn’t called by a nickname (Josh) even though both full and short are widely known names. Considering that nicknames are affectionate, and Rufus treats Joshua like a son, it baffles me that Joshua doesn’t get a nickname whilst Jionathan did.
            Another thing that took me aback was Rufus panicking when he killed the brothel owner. The story pretty much started with him killing people and being okay with it. In the brothel, instead of using magic like normal he used his physical force behind a knife, so perhaps the gore made him uncomfortable? That would be fine but ‘Had he just killed a man?’ doesn’t seem like an appropriate response.
            Rufus is visited by two entities, one being his alter ego and the other being Morrigan (whom the korrigans from Book One worship). His alter ego (annoyingly named only near the end of the novel) tells Rufus to either control or not use his powers. Morrigan, on the other hand, wanted Rufus to use his powers and promised he’d see her three times in total. Yet we only see her twice… perhaps. On the alter ego’s last visit, it wants Rufus to indulge in his powers like Morrigan did so maybe on this occasion the alter ego is actually Morrigan, being the third of her promised appearances.



Zachery

Zachery’s presence is more central in Book Two than Book One. We get to see how he became the man he is today. We also see the positive side of his relationship with Rufus even as Zachery takes over Rufus’ role as the playful (yet suicidal) character.
            King Sverrin is alive again thanks to Jionat taking his place in suspended animation. When Zachery follows the unsuspecting king as he visits his brother, the magi has to flee. That’s fine, but when the said escape route leads into the stable courtyard, that means anyone could get to Jionat and kill him really easily. They all know that killing one will kill the other so why isn’t there some form of defence? Why bother resurrecting your king if you won’t protect him from dying again?
            Marcel complains the Zachery’s sulking and Zachery replies, ‘”I am now but only because you said so.”’ I’ve thought this plenty of times at people (apparently my reading face is miserable) so I’m glad I’m not the only one who thinks this way.
            Zachery forgets he has hay fever. This seems like an odd thing to forget in any case. But Zachery remembers everyone he’s killed whilst on Night Patrol, their names and their crimes: how could he forget something that would give him a reminder when he went outside?


As a character, Daniel was a great choice, although not for Daniel’s sake. No, this brother to Zachery was a tool to unlock Zachery’s backstory. In ‘The Sons of Thestian’, Zachery was an antagonist with some semblance if likeability, but now Zachery develops into a more complex creature.
            I’ll point out that Daniel isn’t devoid of merit on his own basis. He shows uncompromising honesty and vulnerability when he’s scared in admitting he wanted his mother. This isn’t something people usually do and, although it is presented as childlike in the book, I do think emotional expression is brave.
            It turns out that Daniel’s mother Isolde is Zachery’s ex (who slept with both Zachery and his father Rivalen over an overlapping time period). To enable Daniel to have a safe and comfortable life, Isolde told Rivalen Daniel was his son when Daniel is actually Zachery’s son. I didn’t expect that one, to be honest, and neither had Zachery.
It’s noted that Daniel takes after his mother with his small build, is sick monthly, and had a secretive nature. Heather (Zachery’s housekeeper) says something along the lines, ‘”If he were your sister”’ and Zachery responds, “But he’s not.” These are all hints.
            Daniel was born female, explaining his small build and monthly sickness (periods). This explains his secretive nature because if anyone found out about his body, he and his family would be punished severely (magi don’t let in women and Rivalen dislikes his daughters).
            With King Sverrin being brought back from the dead, Daniel asks if a spell could change someone’s sex, a question that Zachery dismisses without interest. Daniel’s asking out of personal necessity, not out of academic interest. When Zachery finally realises the truth about Daniel, he swings between confusion and acceptance rapidly and repeatedly, as easy to persuade as the main characters in Book One.
At one point, Zachery says, ‘“Damn it, Daniel.”’ Did author name him this just so could reference a meme or was it a lucky coincidence? I won’t fault it either way, to be honest.
Another off-kilter moment is when the reader is told that Daniel ‘finally pried his gaze from the wall.’ But at no point were we told that Daniel looked at the wall, let alone long enough to ‘finally’ stop and for the other characters to notice it.


Zachery’s role in the story on a structural level was executed to perfection, being used as a reference post to draw parallels between Zachery and then either other characters or with Book One. Beatrice, Marcel’s sister, tells Zachery a story that he doesn’t want to hear, just like Zachery did to Marcel in Book One. Perhaps a more touching example is that Zachery has a sibling that’s actually his child in Daniel while Rufus has a child that is actually his sibling.



Reviews: The Hermatia Cycle (M. E. Vaughan)

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 1/2

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 2/2
  
The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 2/2
https://frostgriffin.blogspot.com/2019/09/review-blood-of-delphi-hermatia-cycle_28.html

Friday, 13 September 2019

Critique: The Sons of Thestian (The Hermatia Cycle Book One) (M. E. Vaughan) 2/2


***SPOILERS***




Delphi and Gods

Since almost the start, the readers know that Jionat’s half-brother Sverrin had died; information about how and why it happened is trickled in throughout the novel in the guise of world-building. This kept the suspense tight.
            The family of Jionat’s mother has an interesting name. The Delphi originates from Ancient Greece, being a single individual that was a prophetess for Apollo. The Hermatia Cycle, however, is firmly Celtic in its routes. But ‘Delphi’ and ‘Sibyl’ (a Roman prophetess) alike have become synonyms for ‘seer’ so I wouldn’t say it was a bad choice of words. Indeed, Sibyl is often used as a first name and having a family name of ‘Seer’ would give Jionat’s family a monopoly on the Sight.
            On another note of seeing knowledge, Jionat wonders if in hurting Rufus he doomed himself in ‘the omnipotent eyes of the gods’. Instead of omnipotent (‘all-powerful’), the correct word choice would be omniscient ('all-knowing’).


The country of Hermatia was established by the same-named family in conjunction with the Delphi. The latter are the product of Sidhe mated with humans from the Otherworld, bestowing upon the Delphi the Sight and a mystical connection to the dead.
The Hermatia family considered the Delphi to be too magical and faerie to rule over humans. The Delphi agreed as long as no magical Hermatians lead the country, either, on threat of assassination. This was Prince Sverrin’s fate. This made Jionat the heir but as both a Delphi and as a magical human he shouldn’t be able to rule. Perhaps they cancel each other out?
Zachery and Jionat blame each other for Sverrin’s death: Jionat should have made his Delphi Knights stand down whereas Zachery, Sverrin’s magi guard, shouldn’t have given Sverrin magic books. It was because of this feud that Jionat fell out with Rufus (his magi guard) and Rufus fell out with Zachery, the two soured relationships that I wanted answers to. (It annoyed me that Jionat tried to escape with Rufus, someone he loathed, until I knew the answer.)


When Zachary corners the protagonists, the goddess Athea possesses Rufus. In voice, actions and intentions, Rufus’ body is Athea’s, has become Athea’s (as stated in the book), and yet male pronouns are used.
There’s a technical issue for this. Yes the body is male but the character is female and also already has a female form. If a woman swapped bodies with her husband, she would still be female even though she was in a male body.
On a grammatical point, using female pronouns for Athea would have provided clarity. Seeing as there are four other males and only one other female character in this scene, choosing female pronouns for Athea would have allowed for better distinction between the characters and their actions. With five male pronouns, it was very easy to get lost.



Grammar, Punctuation and Stylistic Choices

Goodness, gracious, where to begin?
            Perhaps I’ll start with two instances of… adventurous punctuation. Two phrases, ‘in-love’ and ‘each-other’, are hyphenated when they’re not normally done so. Two-word phrases are often hyphenated before becoming one word (like today coming from ‘to-day’ and ‘to day’ before that) so there’s no issue with the author doing this with those phrases.
            There are a few instances where speech marks (“x” rather than ‘x’!) go awry, put not on speech but on surrounding prose or even missed out entirely. This is without out due to printing errors rather than editing issues. Like any machine, a printer can malfunction. A full stop is missing from Chapter Three’s last sentence (which is an incomplete sentence) which, I suspect, is also due to printing error.
            A miniscule mistake appears when ‘Jionat asked, “There must be an exit near.” If something is asked, it is a question, so it should have a question mark. Or a different verb should be considered to replace ‘asked’, such as with ‘mumbled’.
            A common problem is the comma problem. Things like ‘Just because he stopped seeing me as a friend, doesn’t means I stopped being one’ crop up every few chapters. The purpose of commas is to separate clauses and to separate items on a list yet this comma does neither of these things. In fact, this comma doesn’t do anything. It’s pointless.


There are a few stylistic choices that are easy to fix.
Queen Reine has the honorific of ‘Your Grace’ but as the principle consort, she is the same rank and should thus have the same honorific as King Thestian (‘Your Majesty’). ‘Your Grace’ is no longer fashionable as an honorific for royals (being more commonly used for dukes and duchesses) but it isn’t incorrect. If King Thestian had been referred to as ‘Your Grace’ even once, this wouldn’t be an issue.
A tunnel is described as being ‘like a giant black pupil’. I love this simile but because pupils are inherently black, describing a pupil (or things being described as a pupil) as ‘black’ is redundant.
The reader gets one paragraph from Lily-Anne’s perspective. It’s wedged directly between two different perspectives without any demarcation or separation: it means when you read her perspective you’re in the mind-set of the last character and that when you read the next perspective you’re in the mind-set of Lily-Anne. It was nice to have an insight into Rufus’ heartbreak but this is dealt with elsewhere in the book so I would have considered cutting out Lily-Anne’s view point entirely.


The author confuses common nouns for proper nouns as a hobby. Giving common nouns majuscules would be fine if the novel was published in German but doing so in English is incorrect.
Common nouns are for objects like ‘cat’ or ‘table’ whereas proper nouns are for names and titles like ‘Gertrude’ or ‘Secretary of State for Health’. There are instances where a noun is borderline common-proper but this author has erred on the side of caution. A good way to find out is to replace it with a firm common noun. Let’s go with ‘cat’.
The two immediate examples are ‘the rightful King’ and ‘the only Princess that matters’ which should be ‘king’ and ‘princess’. In these instances, king and princess aren’t being used a titles.  If it had been ‘the rightful King of Hermatia’ then, being a title and hence proper noun, the majuscule would have been acceptable. If it had been ‘the Princess of Bethean is the only princess that matters’, the miniscule would still remain.
Moving on from majuscules being put where they shouldn’t, now we have an example of majuscules being absent from where they should be. ‘Sarrin town’ is consistently used as a proper noun so it should have a majuscule to be ‘Sarrin Town’. It would be like writing ‘the United kingdom’ or ‘Vatican city’. Whilst the second words don’t have to be present to name the places, this doesn’t escape the fact that they are used for the name as well.
The final one really bugs me. Individual members of the Night Patrol are referred to as ‘a Night Patrol’. What?! That’s like calling every police officer ‘a police force’. It is rather odd. Maybe ‘a Night Patroller’ would have been a better choice.



Foreshadowing

I’ve never read anything with such masterful foreshadowing. Little throw-away comments and observations leave the reader curious which are revealed in a way that brings them to the forefront of the plot. Well, the plots, because there’s foreshadowing in this one that applies to ‘Blood of the Delphi’, book two of the Hermatia Cycle. Here are a few.
Torrin makes a joke about being Rufus’ dad and Nora says, “Of that we’re sure.” That instantly rang my attention. Is Nora saying she’s not Rufus’ parent? Is she being sarcastic? Then it’s revealed that Nora is Rufus’ stepmum and was midwife to his birth mother.
Eliade is noted to look at Rufus intently, something the other characters assume to be hatred but, of course, it’s because she’s looking at her son. When Rufus offers to go after Jionat, Eliade wants guards to join them, making the characters think she doesn’t have faith in him. But she just didn’t want her boys to get off. Then when Rufus leaves, Eliade gives Rufus a kiss on the cheek. This is presented as an intimate gesture (thinking it’s romantic or lustful in nature) but now I think it was the action of a desperate mother.
When Michael, Rufus’ uncle, saw Jionat, he recognised the prince because he recognised in him King Thestian and Lady Eliade. Michael lives in Bethean rather than Hermatia and Michael is a commoner rather than a noble so it seems unlikely that he would have looked at either Thestian or Eliade, let alone seeing them well enough to recognise them in a face that he’s never seen before (Jionat). The first thought I had was that Michael worked as intelligence but then, more fitting with the story, it’s more likely that Michael is associated with the Delphi. The latter turns out to be true.


This novel made for a satisfying read. I mulled the story even as I went about my day: few stories do this when I’m focused on other tasks. It sets a really good example for how to write a strong stand-alone novel yet also how to distribute information and develop characters across a series. Plus it provides a gentle introduction into Celtic mythology.




Reviews: The Hermatia Cycle (M. E. Vaughan)

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 1/2

The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 1/2

The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 2/2
https://frostgriffin.blogspot.com/2019/09/review-blood-of-delphi-hermatia-cycle_28.html


Friday, 6 September 2019

Critique: The Sons of Thestian (The Hermatia Cycle Book One) (M.E. Vaughan) 1/2

***SPOILERS***

The story follows Jionat and Rufus as they build friendship and trust with each other and Fae as they encounter magic whilst escaping political intrigue. This novel draws heavily from Celtic mythology for its creatures and themes.  Jionathan is a Prince of Hermatia, son of King Thestian and his second wife Lady Eliane of the Delphi ‘cursed’ with sensations and the sight. Rufus is a magi, someone who channels the powers of the gods to perform magic; his last name is ‘Merle’, a nice reference to the great magician Merlin. This is especially appropriate because Rufus is hilarious and Merlin in myths is often described as a joker.
                                                            

Some Notes

Perhaps the most striking feature of this book is the plethora of beautiful, vivid descriptions. From the first two pages the audience is gifted with ‘darkness feasted’ and ‘shadows snapping at their heels’. These are consistent throughout the novel (unlike other works in which description peters out as the action strides in). Indeed, I could fill pages and pages with such quotations. I will limit myself to one more. Instead of stating the city was as familiar as the back of his hand, Rufus said it was ‘as familiar as his bedroom’ which was a pleasant, creative way to shake up the cliché.


Here are some miscellaneous topics.
There was one concept that jumped out at me. Not because it was inventive but because it happened in my own life. Rufus mentions his mother told him to draw nightmares in order to make them stop. My mother told me the same thing and I have never met anyone else who did this, so to see it in a book caught me off guard.
Rufus has an amazing relation with his father Torrin, full of familiarity, teasing and honesty (even if Rufus is not immediately forthcoming). It was a bit odd, though, because Torrin switched between formal and informal speech patterns. Usually when people adopt a more formal or informal pattern than normal, it’s for a specific and instantly recognisable reason. Torrin’s switching was without cause.
Zachery leads the Night Patrol, made of magi who transform into monsters to enforce the capital’s nightly curfew. The main reason, however, seemed be to keep Jionat from fleeing the city. We also get a few sections from Zachery’s perspective. In one of them, he makes a continual fuss about covering his nakedness from his housekeeper Heather. Yet simultaneous, he makes a fuss that he has nothing to hide from her and that she’s seen everything. It made me want to shout “Pick one!” at Zachery.



Faeries

When Jionat finally flees the city into the forest, he saves Fae from a team of bandits led by Bruatar. By the time Rufus catches up, the boys decide to continue Fae’s mission of retrieving Princess Aurora of Bethean.
            Fae is a Cat Sidhe, a kind of faerie. Yes, a faerie called Fae: so original. (It hurts to not spell it like ‘fairy’ but ‘faerie’ isn’t incorrect. I’ll just have a small strop by myself.) Anyway, in the Hermantia Cycle, a Cat Sidhe is a faerie with an elven/humanoid form and can shape shift into a horse-sized black cat with wings. This expands upon Celtic mythology in which a cat sidhe is just a black cat. A nice touch is that the white chest-patch cat sidhe have in mythology is also in Hermantia.
            Fae has been tasked to save Aurora from Embarr, a gancanagh. This type of faerie manipulates lust in order to drain victims of energy, sometimes resulting in death. Bearing in mind Aurora is a young teenager and Embarr is much older, the whole lust thing is awfully grim.
The trio meet Embarr just after Fae debriefs the boys on the manipulation. Jionat announces this feeling between men s ‘unnatural’ and he finds the experience highly uncomfortable. Rufus, on the other hand, seem very satisfied. Jionat even wants to break Embarr’s bones and Rufus says ‘”I’ll gladly hold him down.”’ (Did I start choking on my cuppa because I snorted at this? Yes, yes I did.)
Embarr reveals the korrigans (faerie priestesses of Morrigan) stole the princess. The trio go in to rescue Aurora and, as they descend into the korrigan’s submerged home, both the korrigans and readers remain ignorant of the true plan. One initially reads it as a betrayal but finding out this was a ruse made for a fantastic read. Plus you get heady stuff when Rufus sees the korrigan’s preparing a spell to cheat death and Rufus was impressed, if not disturbed, to see a viable immortality spell.
Jionat, meanwhile fights a red cap. In both the novel and mythology, red caps survive by soaking their hat in blood: if the blood dries, the red cap dies. I just wonder how the red cap would have enough fresh blood in the tunnels. The protagonists make very clear that people very rarely come near the tunnels, let alone go in. So does the red cap get blood from the korrigans? Are there any animals living in the cave that are a substitute for human blood?
I have one more comment for this section. They sit at a campfire to discuss the plan, and the prose states Rufus sits back down. Yet last we heard, he’d been crouching at the fire. At no point did it mention he’d stood up. It was an unseemly transition.



Sarrin Town

When the characters go to Sarrin in Bethean, they stay with Rufus’ cousins and uncle Michael. We see a heart-wrenching scene from Rufus’ past and the author captured the grief with such excellence. This family is also very formal in speech yet informal in content.
Sarrin does wonders for the relations between the three protagonists. They open up their hearts, thoughts and trust to each other. I think that the rekindling of Jionat’s closeness with Rufus was handled very well because they’ve both ‘found’ the other. Seeing new strong friendship grow is a privilege, whether real or fictional. They even make jokes that a few days before would have crossed the line.
Bruatar comes to Sarrin to capture Fae, Rufus shares a tender moment with her, saying ‘”I kicked him in the face, if that helps.’” That’s probably the most intimate and funny piece of violence I’ve ever seen.
When Luca (Rufus’ cousin) tells the townsfolk to leave to avoid bandits, they comply straight away. Realistically, it doesn’t matter how much is trusted or respected you are: people always protest about leaving their homes. Even if people know a hurricane/earthquake is coming or they can see a raging fire, they struggle to leave. (Apparently all the people in this world are easily persuadable. This is neither the first nor last time that persuasion is instantly accepted.)


Jionat is astounded to see a lesbian wedding. He comes around to acceptance (thankfully) but he did so a bit too quickly, especially considering how much he was against the idea before. One protest (to my amusement and exasperation) was that ‘but then you can marry your dog’ which was bizarre. There’re massive differences between a human marrying another human compared to a human marrying a dog. One can’t have children with dogs and pet-owner relationships are a completely dynamic to a romantic relationship between two individuals with sentience. So Jionat’s protest seems absurd. Maybe this is a common protest in the real world? That thought worries me. It just seems like it was shoehorned into the story.




Reviews: The Hermatia Cycle (M. E. Vaughan)

The Sons of Thestian (Book One) 2/2

The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 1/2

The Blood of the Delphi (Book Two) 2/2
https://frostgriffin.blogspot.com/2019/09/review-blood-of-delphi-hermatia-cycle_28.html