Wednesday, 11 April 2012

Peri and How They Influenced European Fairies


 
Peri

This mythical creature in what was once Persia (mainly Iran but also Afghanistan and Pakistan) caught my eye.

Peri roughly translates to ‘fairy’ and the mountains in which they were said to inhabit was called Peristan (‘land of the fairies’, the ‘-stan’ suffix means ‘land’). They look like how we envision fairies today: small, delicate, and winged. Indeed, it is from the peri that Europe/North America got its predominant idea of fairy physiology. Even if fairies don’t all shimmer with the colours of the rainbow…

In Zoroastrian myth, peri were the forces of good constantly at war with the daeva, the forces of evil. The daeva often locked peri in iron cages at the top of trees. They were sustained by the perfume of other peri who fly by the cages. Come Islam, peri were considered to be the Fallen Angels who the Prophet Muhammad successfully converted them to Islam.

Fairy

So if peri changed how fairies looked, how did fairies look to begin with?

Rather boring in comparison. ‘Fairy’ was once a catch-all phrase for magical creatures with a human-like appearance and usually the size of toddlers; particularly in Celtic areas (think Great Britain and Ireland), they were also termed ‘elves’ after contact with Germanic creatures of similar appearance.


They lived for centuries. Going to their world through burrows or fairy rings was inadvisable: if you ate food there, you’d never leave; if you did return to Earth, a century could have passed. Iron hurt them. Some would help with housework (if offerings were left for them); others were more god-like in character and depiction. Those in the Seelie Court (benevolent) played harmless pranks on people when not helping them. Those in the Unseelie Court (malevolent) harmed humans for fun and often kept humans as ‘pets’.

Perhaps the most pressing issue about fairies in the mediaeval ages was the issue of changlings. When a fairy got tired of looking after their elders, they’d swap the elder with a human baby. The baby would be raised as a fairy, giving them new blood for their gene pool; the fairy elder would be raised as a human where their every need was taken care of forever.

The Outcome

Fairies were once these powerful beings yet when they got depicted more like peri (who were themselves immense creatures), their pretty, ‘feminine’ looks demoted them to being weak and helpless. The patriarchy demotes two for the price of one.

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